This is interesting. A look at Chinese hybrid warfare.
The effectiveness of China’s information operations. A related factor accounting for the Western allies’ timidity over Chinese behavior in the Indo-Pacific has been the success of Beijing’s information operations. These operations have been greatly assisted by the Chinese acquisition of media enterprises in Western countries and the penetration and subversion of others. Further contributing factors have been the courting of key decision-makers, jour- nalists, and academics, accomplished through fully paid visits to China; the contribution of substantial funds to political parties; the establishment of pro-Beijing associations of many types, including Confucius Institutes in universities; the regular insertion of Chinese-produced supplements in metropolitan newspapers; and the organization of periodic “patriotic†demon- strations, concerts, and other events by Chinese embassies, consulates, and other pro-Beijing entities. Cyber and intelligence operations have also been used to reinforce key messages; recruit Chinese intelligence agents and “agents of influence;†and, periodically, to intimidate, coerce, and deter allied counteractions.
Dr. Ross Babbage, Stealing a March.
The effectiveness of China’s information operations. A related factor accounting for the Western allies’ timidity over Chinese behavior in the Indo-Pacific has been the success of Beijing’s information operations. These operations have been greatly assisted by the Chinese acquisition of media enterprises in Western countries and the penetration and subversion of others. Further contributing factors have been the courting of key decision-makers, jour- nalists, and academics, accomplished through fully paid visits to China; the contribution of substantial funds to political parties; the establishment of pro-Beijing associations of many types, including Confucius Institutes in universities; the regular insertion of Chinese-produced supplements in metropolitan newspapers; and the organization of periodic “patriotic†demon- strations, concerts, and other events by Chinese embassies, consulates, and other pro-Beijing entities. Cyber and intelligence operations have also been used to reinforce key messages; recruit Chinese intelligence agents and “agents of influence;†and, periodically, to intimidate, coerce, and deter allied counteractions.
Dr. Ross Babbage, Stealing a March.


